In camera editing

In camera editing is a video editing technique that happens inside the camera. Instead of waiting until the post production stage to organised footage, you can shoot each unit of narrative sequentially, filming shots in a very precise way so that the edit develops as filming progresses. The film is therefore already complete by the end of production. No films get made this way anymore.

Planning shots so that they can be filmed in the precise order they will be presented in requires a great deal of fore-thought. Some of this time is reclaimed, since no additional editing time is needed to cut out or re-order scenes later on. When the last scene is filmed, the production is finished. If footage has been recorded digitally, the film can be played straight from the camera. 


Below is an example of in camera editing:

As you can see from the clip above, it is an example of successful in camera editing. Each clip and shot flows onto the next without pauses or questioning such as how did he get there from there?

Analogue

Analogue and digital technology are two different types of editing and recording, However they are the same in the sense that they do the same job.


What is analogue?

Analogue was what filmmakers would use before digital was invented. It is a device that represents changing values as continuously variable physical quantity. In other words, it is a device that is always on but cannot be turned off due to it running mechanics and signals.

The main types of analogue used was in film and television. Of course their are other uses for analogue such as a clock, however we are focusing on the media. In television, analogue TV was used by transmitting signals from a broadcast station and the TV would essentially capture those signals. It was not the most efficient due to poor weather conditions would damage the frequency in the air waves therefore making it difficult to capture the signal.

Multiple points of view

In film or TV, having multiple points of view is a great way to engage the audience. Having points of view from multiple characters means the audience will be constantly thinking due to thinking about all characters. Often, In a TV series, the audience favors a character and becomes intrigued into what will happen to them next.

In the TV series "Breaking Bad", they use multiple points of view of characters lives. For the audience it allowed them to see how the main characters actions affected everyone else.

As you can see form the trailer, there is a variety of characters that we get to see the after affects of their lives once the main character breaks bad.

The main advantage of using multiple points of view is that if the audience does not favor a characters, they have various other characters to favor from.

Another type of multiple points of view would be different views of the camera. This would help the audience get a better understanding of the scene by capturing the scene from different angles that represent views.

Digital

Digital cinematography is the process of capturing (recording) film as digital video images rather than through film stock. Digital capture may occur on video tape, hard disks, flash memory, or other media which can record digital data through the use of a digital movie video camera or other digital video camera. - (google) 






The video above explains the difference between analogue and digital signals. Digital signals are the way forwards because, an advantage for me is, they are signals that are not interrupted as much as a analogue. For example, if there was signal interference when watching analogue TV the picture would break up. However if there was signal interference and you was watching a digital TV, i would not break up as much or not at all.

A benefit of using digital over analogue would be that is is a quicker process when filming video. With analogue, it would be a lengthy process with editing because you would need to physically cut up film and merge with others. With digital, the editing process is quick and only requires the ability to know how to edit.

 

Film

Film editing is the process of using time and effort to create the perfect edit. You might wonder what a perfect edit looks like. The key part of making a perfect edit is when the audience does not realize the change in edit because the transitions are smooth and the overall edit flows smoothly.

An example of a poor edit would be when the audio does not match the visuals, such as if a character was speaking but the audio did not match.






The video above demonstrates how to sync audio to video. It is very important to sync audio to video because if it does not, then the audience will find it hard to watch the scene as it not realistic and conveys poor editing.

Following the action

Following the action is a directing technique which captures all the movements a character makes when he/she moves form location to location. There will normally be more the one camera shooting the action from various locations. This provides the editor the range of material that he/she needs to make the sequence successful.

At the editing stage, the editor will switch camera angles depending on what the subject is doing and what coverage the director and editor decide best advances the narrative. This effect of changing distance and angles brings shape, texture and depth to the scene. The editor uses action matches to preserve continuity, making cuts invisible and the audience gets a multi faced perspective on events which engages them in the action. The wider the range of footage that you give the editor, the more likely they can make invisible cuts. 

In this scene you can see that the director chooses to follow the action in a 360 degree manor. Why is this effective? Due to the scene being packed with action it would be very confusing for the audience if each part of action was in a single shot. There would be too much going on for the audience to keep track of. Following the action in a 360 degree manor means that audience can feel what its like to have people surrounding the character. Also, it captures all of the action from every multiple angles that are synchronized together.

Manipulation of diegetic time and space

Manipulation of time and space is the editing technique used to show time unconventionally. This can be done by showing the audience large amounts of time that is compressed into a short piece of footage, or you could show the audience a situation that is longer than it would be in real life. You are probably thinking why would you do that? You would do it because it will create suspense for the audience due to their attention being attracted to what is happening.



The main type of technique you would use would be flashbacks. Flashbacks are when the character sees images from the past. Flashbacks can be used for characters to see the future however they would have to have a certain ability to do so.

It can also be used to show the location or and object changing over a period of time. An example of this would be the beginning scene of the film 'UP'.

In this scene the editor has used this flashback to set the scene with the audience. The audience sees the characters life compressed into 5 minutes before the film starts. You might think why? They do this because the audience can understand the characters features and mood in the present tense. All in all, it makes it easier for the audience to understand characters when they have background information on them.