Multiple points of view

In film or TV, having multiple points of view is a great way to engage the audience. Having points of view from multiple characters means the audience will be constantly thinking due to thinking about all characters. Often, In a TV series, the audience favors a character and becomes intrigued into what will happen to them next.

In the TV series "Breaking Bad", they use multiple points of view of characters lives. For the audience it allowed them to see how the main characters actions affected everyone else.

As you can see form the trailer, there is a variety of characters that we get to see the after affects of their lives once the main character breaks bad.

The main advantage of using multiple points of view is that if the audience does not favor a characters, they have various other characters to favor from.

Another type of multiple points of view would be different views of the camera. This would help the audience get a better understanding of the scene by capturing the scene from different angles that represent views.

Digital

Digital cinematography is the process of capturing (recording) film as digital video images rather than through film stock. Digital capture may occur on video tape, hard disks, flash memory, or other media which can record digital data through the use of a digital movie video camera or other digital video camera. - (google) 






The video above explains the difference between analogue and digital signals. Digital signals are the way forwards because, an advantage for me is, they are signals that are not interrupted as much as a analogue. For example, if there was signal interference when watching analogue TV the picture would break up. However if there was signal interference and you was watching a digital TV, i would not break up as much or not at all.

A benefit of using digital over analogue would be that is is a quicker process when filming video. With analogue, it would be a lengthy process with editing because you would need to physically cut up film and merge with others. With digital, the editing process is quick and only requires the ability to know how to edit.

 

Film

Film editing is the process of using time and effort to create the perfect edit. You might wonder what a perfect edit looks like. The key part of making a perfect edit is when the audience does not realize the change in edit because the transitions are smooth and the overall edit flows smoothly.

An example of a poor edit would be when the audio does not match the visuals, such as if a character was speaking but the audio did not match.






The video above demonstrates how to sync audio to video. It is very important to sync audio to video because if it does not, then the audience will find it hard to watch the scene as it not realistic and conveys poor editing.

Following the action

Following the action is a directing technique which captures all the movements a character makes when he/she moves form location to location. There will normally be more the one camera shooting the action from various locations. This provides the editor the range of material that he/she needs to make the sequence successful.

At the editing stage, the editor will switch camera angles depending on what the subject is doing and what coverage the director and editor decide best advances the narrative. This effect of changing distance and angles brings shape, texture and depth to the scene. The editor uses action matches to preserve continuity, making cuts invisible and the audience gets a multi faced perspective on events which engages them in the action. The wider the range of footage that you give the editor, the more likely they can make invisible cuts. 

In this scene you can see that the director chooses to follow the action in a 360 degree manor. Why is this effective? Due to the scene being packed with action it would be very confusing for the audience if each part of action was in a single shot. There would be too much going on for the audience to keep track of. Following the action in a 360 degree manor means that audience can feel what its like to have people surrounding the character. Also, it captures all of the action from every multiple angles that are synchronized together.

Manipulation of diegetic time and space

Manipulation of time and space is the editing technique used to show time unconventionally. This can be done by showing the audience large amounts of time that is compressed into a short piece of footage, or you could show the audience a situation that is longer than it would be in real life. You are probably thinking why would you do that? You would do it because it will create suspense for the audience due to their attention being attracted to what is happening.



The main type of technique you would use would be flashbacks. Flashbacks are when the character sees images from the past. Flashbacks can be used for characters to see the future however they would have to have a certain ability to do so.

It can also be used to show the location or and object changing over a period of time. An example of this would be the beginning scene of the film 'UP'.

In this scene the editor has used this flashback to set the scene with the audience. The audience sees the characters life compressed into 5 minutes before the film starts. You might think why? They do this because the audience can understand the characters features and mood in the present tense. All in all, it makes it easier for the audience to understand characters when they have background information on them.

Editing rhythm

Editing the rhythm of the shots within the scene is a good way to make sure the audience receives the correct emotional response. The audience will mainly know what is happening within the scene but editing the rhythm guides the viewers for them.

Pacing refers to varying the length of shots. Pacing is important because this will help guide viewers in their emotional response to a scene. For example, rapid pace suggests excitement and intensity whereas slower pacing is more relaxed and thoughtful.

When the editor is establishing the rhythm of a scene, they need to consider key questions based on their understanding of the sequence as a whole such as:

• Where in the sequence would a particular shot have the most impact? 
• should a medium shot or a close-up shot be used?
• which shots contain the better visuals to provide exposition or characterization?
• what is the most effective use of timing in the juxtapositions within shots? 

In this scene the shots are fast paced. The editor sticks with a shot for no more than three seconds. The audience is consuming information from the scene very quickly so they and engaged into the scene. It is often long, slow shots are the type to make the audience feel bored. Fast pace shots keep the audience engaged and intrigued for what happens next.

Providing and withholding information

Providing and withholding information is a strategy used by the editor to keep the viewer engaged. It is used mainly in horror and thriller films to produce good effect. It is crucial for the audience to know what they are suppose to know in the moment of action because it is important for them to feel the correct emotional response.

Normally, information is provided by the use of cutaways or cut-ins or used by the absence of the these shots.

An example of providing and withholding information would be when the scene is in the POV of the character. The characters POV is showing what is in front of them. The scene shows the long corridor that the character is anxiously walking down. The audience will start to expect something to jump out and attack the character. Due to the audience thinking this, huge amounts of tension can be built up through wondering what is down the corridor.





In the scene the audience is feeling huge amounts of tension due to the wonder of the characters safety. This is effected because the editor is withholding the information that the audience craves through lighting. The audiences vision is blinded so huge amounts of tension is created by not knowing what is going to happen.

Shot variation

Shot variation is used in film to make a sequence of images using movement. Examples of these shots would be wide shot, long shots and medium shots.

A wide shot is used at the start of the scene to set the atmosphere, location and environment to let the audience understand the concept of the scene. Long shots are used to enable the audience to focus on a character. A medium shot is used in scenes that contain dialogue or scenes that contain action to let the audience follow the narrative.



An example of these shots being used in film would be a scene from